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YOU ARE HERE: Study Programs >> Perek Yomi (A Chapter a Day) >> Questions to Guide You

Perek Yomi - Chronicles II

Chapter 1

  1. Why is Solomon's initial action to go to Gibeon?
  2. Was "the Ark of God" at Gibeon or elsewhere?
  3. What does Solomon ask of God?
  4. What is God's response?
  5. Do verses 14 (and following) indicate affluence, at least on the part of the monarchy?
  6. What relationship obtains between Solomon and the Egyptians, the Hittites and the Arameans?
  7. What are the priority projects of Solomon (verse 18)?

Chapter 2

  1. For what purpose are some "153,000 workers" gathered?
  2. How does Solomon describe Divinity?
  3. Is the description monotheistic?
  4. How will Hiram be recompensed?
  5. Does Hiram affirm Solomon's description of "Israel's God?"
  6. Is the "supervising architect" assigned by Solomon or by Hiram?
  7. How will the lumber from Lebanon reach Jerusalem and what does this indicate regarding "nautical" arrangements?
  8. Compare verse 17 with verse 1 – is it supplementing or repeating?

Chapter 3

  1. Where is the "house of God" to be built?
  2. How many years appear to have elapsed between Solomon's "coronation" and the start of the building?
  3. What might the "Keruvim" (usually translated "cherubs") be?
  4. Do the Keruvim relate (in this description) to "the Ark of God?"
  5. Was there any stinting in precious metals?
  6. And what is the description of these previous items meant to convey as to the nature of the building?

Chapter 4

  1. For what reason (verse 1) is the Gibeon altar not used?
  2. For what reason might 12 cattle be cast to support the "sea?"
  3. Is there one Menorah (as in the wilderness worship center) or more?
  4. What technical skills/knowledge is reflected in the items described in this chapter?
  5. What material is most prominent in the construction and in the various utensils?

Chapter 5

  1. What might the author have in mind with the phrase "the Kodesh items of David?"
  2. Is the "Ark of God's Covenant" (verse 2) another title for "the Ark of God?"
  3. According to verse 7, what is the relationship of the Keruvim to the Ark?
  4. In verse 9, what is meant by "they are there to this very day?"
  5. According to verse 10, what is in the Aron?
  6. What constitutes God's presence (verses 13 and 14) – the Ark and/or the cloud?

Chapter 6

  1. Is "cloud" to be understood literally or (perhaps) to connote the "ineffable?"
  2. What city and what family are the "select of God" (verses 5 – 7)?
  3. What is the thesis voiced by Solomon in verse 18?
  4. Is the "house" a place of forgiveness – for the individual and/or the nation and/or others?
  5. Does verse 25 refer to the return of exiles and would this help to "date" the writing of this passage?
  6. What is the attitude towards the non-Jew (as expressed in verses 32 – 33)?
  7. Do verses 36 – 39 read as an "exile's request?"
  8. In verse 42, is the "anointed" a "Messiah" or the crowned (quite human) king?

Chapter 7

  1. How do verses 1 – 3 echo the dedication of the wilderness "portable worship center?"
  2. Is verse 8 a reference to Sukkot and/or continuation of the dedication of the "house" (see verse 10 re: the seventh month – i.e. Tishre)?
  3. What is expected of Solomon and his descendants if the house is to be "eternal?"
  4. And, what is the consequence of the ultimate transgression (verse 20)?

Chapter 8

  1. What "historical gap" is reflected in verse 1?
  2. What has become of the non-Jews (verses 7 –8)?
  3. How does the author deal with (describe) Solomon's marriage to the daughter of Pharaoh - and why (verse 11)?
  4. What mitzvot are stressed, particularly, in verse 13 - and what is the place of their observance?
  5. Do verses 17 and 18 reflect continued cooperation between the king of Tyre and Solomon?

Chapter 9

  1. What purpose does the Queen of Sheba (South Arabian peninsula) have in visiting Solomon?
  2. Does she find Solomon's repute validated by her own observations?
  3. Does this narration serve to further glorify Solomon and his wisdom/wealth?
  4. Could the visit have some other purpose – i.e. the mundane purpose of trade between Sheba and Israel?
  5. What picture emerges from verses 13 – 21?
  6. In all this description, what is said of the lot of the common people – their service to the king, their condition, particularly economic?
  7. Does the author imply any doubt as to Rehoboam succeeding Solomon (verses 30 – 31)?

Chapter 10

  1. Why would Jeroboam have fled to Egypt – and is there any reference in the preceding narrative to him or to this flight?
  2. In the preceding chapters descriptive of Solomon's reign was there any inkling of the plaint voiced in verse 4?
  3. What is meant by "made things very hard for us"?
  4. What does the advice of the elders reflect as to the socio-economic conditions during Solomon's reign?
  5. What position does Rehoboam voice – things will be easier – or "my demands will dwarf those of my father?"
  6. Has the author previously recorded why Jeroboam had been told of "God's intent" by way of the Prophet Ahiyah?
  7. In retrospect, what does the "split" indicate as to the satisfaction (or other) of the masses with Solomon's reign?
  8. What does the author emphasize in verse 19 as to the split?

Chapter 11

  1. While God (according to the author) speaks directly to Solomon – how is the communication with his son effected (verses 2 – 10)?
  2. Why would the building described (verses 5 – 12) be a priority for Rehoboam?
  3. To whom are the Kohanim and Levites loyal (verses 13 – 17)?
  4. What does verse 15, in a phrase, indicate as to worship patterns under Jeroboam - and, if so, why was he selected?
  5. What one feature of Rehoboam's life is detailed – and was this detailed in the description of Solomon as well? If not – why not?

Chapter 12

  1. Is any reason given for Rehoboam's "deserting God" and all the people doing likewise?
  2. Egypt's invasion, then, is a result of what "cause?"
  3. What is the result of the invasion – especially as to "regal glory?"
  4. The only reference to tension between the "ten tribes" (Israel) and the two (Judah – Benjamin) is in verse 15 – and what does it indicate?
  5. What does the name of Avi-Yah mean and what would it reflect as to whomsoever gave that name?

Chapter 13

  1. Should the figure in verse 3 read "400 contingents" rather than "400,000" (as per the generally accepted notion among many scholars that the term "eleph" really should be rendered "aluph" – and understood as a contingent)?
  2. What is the assertion of Abijah as to "God's favor" (verse 5)?
  3. Reference is made in verse 8 to "calves of gold" – does this resonate in earlier Jewish history (the wilderness experience)?
  4. What accusation is leveled in connection with the "religious personnel" and how does it reflect on the commitment to hereditary priesthood rather than other modes of selection?
  5. In his remarks, does the King of Judah at any point refer to any other mitzvot save for those which have to do with the temple/worship therein/religious officials?
  6. In the meantime, what was the deployment of Jeroboam's troops (verses 13 and 14)?
  7. Does the figure of 500,00 casualties as set forth in verse 17 seem reasonable?
  8. In verse 18 to what is the victory ascribed?
  9. According to verse 20 what was the cause of Jeroboam's death?

Chapter 14

  1. If altars were to be removed in Judah what does this reflect about the rule and worship modes of Asa's predecessors?
  2. In addition to worship modes, what does verse 3 reflect?
  3. For how long did the peace obtain during the rule of Asa?
  4. In verse 6, to what does Asa ascribe the pleasant nature of his early reign?
  5. Are the Kushim "Ethiopians" or are they of Kushite "descent?"
  6. According to the Chronicler, was this anything but a glorious victory?

Chapter 15

  1. Is Azariah defined as a Prophet or as one who "was entrusted with a particular message", or both?
  2. What is the message insofar as the "Ten Tribes" are concerned and what is the basic message of Azariah?
  3. But, according to verse 8, whose prophecy was this – Azariah's or Oded's who was his father?
  4. What was the covenant effected during the 15th year of Asa's reign (verse 12)?
  5. Somewhat unprecedented was the lot of those who would not be loyal to this covenant (verse 13). What was to be their "punishment" – and was it limited to any particular part of the population or universal?
  6. Is there any recording as to whether this particular "legislation" was actually enforced?
  7. From verse 16 would it appear that the royal family itself was not free of idol worship?
  8. When, in verse 17, reference is made to "Israel" does this not actually refer to Judah which the Chronicler considered to be the "genuine" Israel?
  9. According to verse 19 how long did peace last during the reign of Asa and how does this dovetail with the description in verses 11 through 14 of the preceding chapter (14)?

Chapter 16

  1. Why would the fortifying of the Ramah by the Northern Kingdom be a threat to Jerusalem?
  2. If Asa's military resources were as described in the previous chapter, why call upon Ben Hadad of Aram to serve as a mercenary?
  3. With the hiring of Ben Hadad what was the response of Baasha?
  4. What is the message of Hanani (note that he is called a seer but not necessarily a prophet - Navi)?
  5. What is Asa's response to Hanani (verse 10)?
  6. How, then, does Asa's reign appear to end?
  7. Indeed, what is the cause of his passing away (verse 12)?
  8. What is meant by the observation that "he did not seek out God but rather went to the doctors?" Was this considered to be a "violation of Torah?"
  9. Does verse 14 indicate that the tradition (in those days) regarding burial had a number of variations when compared with current Jewish practice?

Chapter 17

  1. Since this chapter and the four that follow deal with Jehoshaphat, would this elaborate treatment indicate how the Chronicler regarded this king?
  2. The name Jehoshaphat means "God will judge" or "God is judge"; what would this indicate about those who named him?
  3. Why, according to verse 3 was "God with this king?"
  4. According to verse 6 were there still "high places" and "sacred trees" when this king assumed the reign?
  5. What unique program did Jehoshaphat launch (according to verse 9) and what was the text which they utilized where this program was concerned?
  6. What was the international situation (verses 10 and 11) during this reign?
  7. Would this chapter indicate that there was an auspicious beginning to the Jehoshaphat era?

Chapter 18

  1. Is there any identification of who Ahab might have been?
  2. Does the chapter seem to indicate that there was a "friendship" between the two kingdoms?
  3. As a result of Jehoshaphat's request whom does Ahab assemble?
  4. Why (verse 6) is the king of Judah not entirely satisfied with the "prophecies?"
  5. According to Ahab, why is Micaiah "so unpopular?"
  6. While waiting for Micaiah, what symbols do Ahab's prophets present to assure victory?
  7. On the way to the "audience" with the kings, what advice is given to Micaiah as to what he should prophesy and what is his response?
  8. In verse 14 the first response of Micaiah is set down but why, in verse 15, does the king question the sincerity of the observation?
  9. And, subsequently in verse 16, what does the prophet predict?
  10. In verses 18 through 22 who does Micaiah accuse of serving as agents for the destruction of Israel and its king?
  11. What is the response of the "prophets" of Ahab (verse 23)?
  12. And, what is the result of his "unpopular prophecy" (verses 25 – 27)?
  13. Is Micaiah "repentant" as a result of the punishment (verse 27)?
  14. And in the battle with Aram (verses 28 through 34) is the prophecy of Micaiah validated?
  15. Grudgingly, the Chronicler credits Ahab with what characteristics?

Chapter 19

  1. What is the reaction of the seer Yehu to the Jehoshaphat's sometime alliance with the now dead Ahab?
  2. What program of the Judean king unfolds in verses 4 through 7?
  3. And, what is the underlying principle that governs this particular program under religious ideological level?
  4. In verse 11 appears the title "Kohen Harosh" – is this identical with the title Kohen Gadol and only a difference in nomenclature?

Chapter 20

  1. When advised of the impending attack by the Moabites and their allies, what preparations did Jehoshaphat make?
  2. What historical claim does the king voice in his tefillah?
  3. What especial emphasis is placed upon the Bet Hamikdash (verses 8 and 9)?
  4. According to the Chronicler, who was assembled to hear this tefillah?
  5. What is meant by "the spirit of the Lord came upon them?"
  6. And, according to verse 17, will there be an actual battle or will the conflict be resolved otherwise?
  7. In verse 19, is the emphasis upon the Kohanim or, rather upon the Levites?
  8. What became of the attackers – and was this as a result of actual warfare between them and the army of Judah (verses 22 and 23)?
  9. What is the reason for the Valley of Blessing to be so named?
  10. And, as a result of this victory (verses 28 and 29), what was the political situation for some time?
  11. While Jeoshaphat "was pleasing to the Lord" what element of idol worship remained (verse 33)?
  12. But, in the closing years of his reign what misstep did he take?
  13. Does the Chronicler indicate that it was a "transgression" even to enter into a commercial relationship with the "Northern kingdom?"

Chapter 21

  1. How did Jehoram "secure" his reign (verse 4)?
  2. Why, according to the text, did Jehoram transgress (verse 6)?
  3. Nevertheless, why was Judah still "preserved" (verse 7)?
  4. Essentially, what religious "pattern" characterized his rule (verse 11)?
  5. What does Elijah predict (verses 12 – 15) for the king?
  6. Is the prediction of Elijah validated by events?
  7. Why would his burial place not be "in the tombs of the kings?"

Chapter 12

  1. Does the author indicate that "like father like son" (verse 3)?
  2. What is the result of the visit by Ahaziah the son of Jehoram?
  3. What action does the queen mother Ataliah take as to the descendants of the house of Judah?
  4. Is any descendant saved (verses 11 and 12)?
  5. Is there then, a remaining descendant of the "house of David?"

Chapter 23

  1. What coup did Jehoida plan in the "seventh year" and against whom was it directed?
  2. What instructions were given to the assembled Levites and Kohanim in order to ensure the protection of the "young king?"
  3. And, from what source were the various arms available for the coup (verse 9)?
  4. Following these preparations (verse 11) what was the culmination?
  5. What is the response of Athaliah (verse 13)?
  6. And what is the lot of Athaliah?
  7. Who, apparently (verse 16), remains in control?
  8. What action is taken against the Baal temple and its servitors?
  9. As to the organization of the "administration" (verses 18, 19, and 20) who continues to be in charge?
  10. Why the repetition in verse 21 of the killing of Athaliah?
  11. Was this coup, then, one organized by the military, by those from any particular geographic location, or, rather, by some other "element?"
  12. And keeping in mind that "element", would this explain why the Chronicler has given such detail to the narration?

Chapter 24

  1. The introduction to this chapter indicates that the "prime minister" and major mover during much of the reign of Joash was –?
  2. Were the Levites responsive to the king's mandate to collect funds for rehabilitating the Mikdash?
  3. Is any response noted (verse 6) to the king's admonishing Jehoiada?
  4. What prevalent practice (which obtains to this very day) appears to have been introduced with verse 8 in connection with "contributions?"
  5. Why (verse 11) would the king have dispatched one of his scribes for the accounting of the contents of the contribution box?
  6. From the description of what was done, would it appear that, indeed, the Bet Hamikdash was in very bad repair?
  7. In this entire narration is anything related as to the activity of the king save for that which relates to the worship center?
  8. What unfolds immediately after the passing of the Kohen Jehoiada?
  9. Was the attempt to restrain the tendency to alien worship by dispatching "prophets" successful (verse 19)?
  10. When the son of Jehoiada attempts to emulate his father's initiative – what is the response of the people (verses 20 – 21)?
  11. What is the "end" of Yoash in terms of his relationship to the Kohanim?
  12. Why, according to the Chronicler, is Judah beset by, and overcome by enemies?
  13. How does the reign of Joash come to an end?

Chapter 25

  1. What reason is given as to why Amaziah does not kill the children of those who assassinated his father?
  2. Would verse 4 clearly indicate that the current text of Deuteronomy (at least in this section) was available to the author?
  3. How does the king's hiring of mercenaries offend the "man of God" (verse7)?
  4. What tension arises between the Northern tribes and Judah (verse 10)?
  5. The description of what happened to the captured prisoners in verse 12 is included by the Chronicler – and for what possible reason?
  6. What form of idol worship does the king introduce (verse 14)?
  7. How is the prophet silenced (verses 15 and 16)?
  8. In verses 17 through 19 does it appear that the king of Israel has anything but a very "modest opinion" of Judah?
  9. How does the subsequent conflict between Israel and Judah resolve itself (verses 21 – 24)?
  10. Other than this conflict and the worshipping of idols is anything listed as to the lot of the people, or any other historical information?
  11. How does Amaziah's reign end?
  12. Would the sequence of the last few chapters indicate that Judah seems to be "in serious trouble", at least insofar as this record is concerned?

Chapter 26

  1. Do the Kohanim have any role in the selection of the next king (Uzziah) – and, if not, what would this reflect as to the shift of "power?"
  2. The Chronicler indicates that in his early years this king was successful with the Philistines and others – why (verse 7)?
  3. If the figures set forth in verses 12 et seq are correct and refer to actual thousands (rather than to "companies" – that is 300,000 rather than 300 companies) what would this reflect as to the total population of Judah?
  4. In verse 16 the thesis is set down that success led to –?
  5. What complaint do the Kohanim (verse 18) bring to the king?
  6. As a result of his confrontation with the Kohanim what occurs almost immediately?
  7. And (verse 21) what was the lot of the king to the very end of his days?
  8. As a result of his affliction who actually reigned for the balance of Uzziah's years?

Chapter 28

  1. When the text advises that during Jotham's rule "the people still acted corruptly", is this an economic reference or a reference to religious practices in terms of observance?
  2. Although Jotham reigned for 16 years is there any reference to what transpired save for the conflict with Ammon?
  3. Is there any significance in that the reference in verse 7 is to the "book of the kings of Israel and Judah" when, in the previous chapter and other chapters (chapter 25, verse 26) it is "the book of the kings of Judah and Israel?"

Chapter 28

  1. In verse 3 reference is made to "burning his sons in fire" – could this be understood of the practice of having the children walk through two columns of fire symbolizing "sacrifice" to whatever idol might have been involved, rather than actual "burning"?
  2. What series of misfortunes follows – one, in particular, at the hands of Israel (verse 6)?
  3. To what does the prophet Oded ascribe the victory of Israel over Judah?
  4. Does the prophet support or criticize the activities of Israel where Judah is concerned (verse 10)?
  5. Do the Israelites "pay attention" to the admonition of Oded (verses 12 through 15)?
  6. Keeping in mind the Chronicler's general view of the Northern tribes (Israel), is this particular narration in keeping with that view?
  7. What is the result of Judah's appeal to Assyria for help?
  8. What final effort does Ahaz make in order to elicit Assyrian support – and what results (verse 21)?
  9. Verse 23 sets down a rationale for worship of "foreign divinities"; what is it?
  10. What would appear to be the influence (or lack of influence) of the Kohanim during the reign of Ahaz (verses 24)?

Chapter 29

  1. In reading the previous chapters and chapter 29 would it appear that the aphorism of "like father like son" obtains where the kings of Judah are concerned?
  2. In his charge to the Kohanim and the Leviim what authority is the king prepared to give to them?
  3. What is meant by the king's expressed intention to "make a covenant with God" – and for what purpose (verse 10)?
  4. In verse 11 he addresses them as "Banai" – my sons; what would this connote as to the relationship he hopes will obtain?
  5. In verse 18 the Kohanim report to the king that what has been completed?
  6. In verses 20 through 26 what is described – and might it be considered a "rededication?"
  7. According to verse 30 who was the prophet at that time?
  8. In verse 34 there is a specific indication of how the Chronicler views the Kohanim and the Leviim; what is that opinion?

Chapter 30

  1. Would the opening passages indicate that the celebration of Pesah had been normative during the previous reigns?
  2. What is meant by the closing refrain in verse 5 that "not often did they act in accord with what was written" – written where?
  3. Do the messengers announcing the Passover go only to Judah or to Israel as well?
  4. What is the specific message which is sent to the Israelites (verses 6 through 9)?
  5. What was the reception afforded the messengers of Judah in Israelite cities (verse 10)?
  6. According to verse 13 (and previous verses) was the Passover celebrated on schedule or a month later – and if the latter, why?
  7. Who is called to mind as the essential teacher of Judaism in verse 16?
  8. After describing the celebration and the mood of exultation (verses 21 through 25) what historical fact does the Chronicler record in verse 26?

Chapter 31

  1. According to the Chronicler what was the impact upon the Israelites of the visit to Jerusalem during the Passover?
  2. Was the response of the people to the request that they support the Mikdash positive (verses 5 and 6)?
  3. Having summarized what was done with the Kohanim, the economic support of the Mikdash (and related) how does the Chronicler (verse 21) summarize the actions of Hezekiah?

Chapter 32

  1. When the Assyrians sieged the various cities in Judah what is the instruction of Hezekiah in order to offset the invasion?
  2. What second measure is taken in terms of fortification (verse 5)?
  3. In his charge to resist Assyria, what is the central idea which is voiced (verse 8)?
  4. What does the Assyrian herald announce to Jerusalem (verses 10 through 15)?
  5. What is the response of Hezekiah (verse 20) and which prophet joins him in that response?
  6. According verse 21, what becomes of the Assyrian host, through what measure and for what reason?
  7. Why would Hezekiah "grow arrogant" and irrespective of cause, what is the result of this arrogance?
  8. In sum, would the rule of Hezekiah appear to have been a "good one?"

Chapter 33

  1. Does the text indicate who served as the "mentor" to Menasseh during his early years (since he assumed the reign at the age of 12)?
  2. What was the king's "religious posture?"
  3. Did the introduction of alien modes of worship limit itself to areas other than the Temple or did it include the Temple?
  4. Inverse 6 reference is made to "he passed his sons through the fire" (the translation "he consigned his sons to the fire" is not literal) – and what was this meant to symbolize in connection with the idol at the site of this practice?
  5. Through verse 9, what picture is drawn of the king?
  6. Verse 10 indicates that "God spoke to Menasseh" – is any mode indicated and what might it have been?
  7. As a result of his transgressions what becomes of the king (verse 11)?
  8. What change in attitude takes place where Menasseh is concerned (verse 12)?
  9. If the king has transgressed so basically and for so long, why then, is his tefillah answered (and what is the theological connotation as to transgression, forgiveness, and mercy)?
  10. According to verse 15, does Menasseh continue with his "return to the right path"?
  11. However, are all of the people in consonance with the king (verse 17)?
  12. How does verse 18 differ from the usual concluding refrain as to the reign of a king as set forth in previous chapters?
  13. What becomes of his son Amon, and at whose hands?

Chapter 34

  1. Again, a child assumes the kingship; is there any reference to who was actually in control?
  2. When the king has reached early adulthood (verse 3) what activity does he undertake?
  3. Why would the ashes of the destroyed idols be cast on graves of those who worshipped same?
  4. According to verse 9 who was then the Kohen Hagadol?
  5. In the course of the reconstruction of the Temple (verse 14), what is found?
  6. The reference to "the book of God's Torah given by Moses" would refer to the Five Books as we have them now – to one of the books, to some of the books? (If the answer does not appear certain, please know that it is not clear to those who have undertaken research and scholarship in this area as well.)
  7. What is the reaction of the king when the Book is read to him (verse 19 et seq)?
  8. To whom do the leaders turn for "God's word" (verse 22)?
  9. What is the prediction for the state of Judah?
  10. What alleviation is afforded the king (verse 28)?
  11. What action does the king take in connection with the Book and the prophecy?

Chapter 35

  1. What holiday (comparable to its predecessor) does Josiah observe?
  2. Judging by verse 3, was the Ark in the Temple or had it been elsewhere?
  3. Judging by verse 14, was the relationship between the Levites and the Kohanim entirely clear up to this point?
  4. According to verse 18 was the Passover not celebrated since the days of Samuel or not celebrated in this particular fashion – and if the latter, in what fashion was it celebrated?
  5. What is the outcome of Josiah's initiative in attacking the forces of Egypt?
  6. According to verse 25 which prophet keens over Josiah?
  7. In verse 23 reference is made to the fact that the keening for this king was "incorporated into the laments" – would this imply that there was a formal lament text?

Chapter 36

  1. With the death of Josiah what becomes of the actual political control of Judah as described in verses 2 through 4?
  2. Which major new empire (verse 6) now attacks Judah and what becomes of the king Jehoiakin – and the furnishings of the Temple?
  3. Is the lot of his successor Jehoiakhin any different from that of his father?
  4. The following king, Zedekiah, is criticized for not listening to the word of God through what prophet (verse 12)?
  5. What attempt is made "by God" to have Zedekiah return to the "right path" – and is there any response from him?
  6. As a result, what eventuates (verse 16) and what theological principle is posited in the phrase that "the anger of God was beyond redress?"
  7. Would it appear from this portion that the Chronicler is moving with great haste to conclude his narrative and touching only upon very basic "historical developments?"
  8. Verses 17 through 20 indicate the final denouement of Jerusalem, the Temple, and Judea – until the rise of the Persian kingdom – which would imply that this text was written at what time?
  9. According to verse 21 why did this destruction come upon Judah and upon the Temple?
  10. Reference is made in verse 21 to "seventy years" – would this then indicate that this text must have been written subsequent to the beginning of the return of the exiles?
  11. And, as proof text (unless subsequently added as a conclusion), note verses 22 and 23: what is the implication for Judah?
  12. According to the concluding refrain, to whom does Cyrus, the Persian ruler, ascribe his coming to power and his authority?
  13. And of all that might transpire, what single element is stressed as to "the return?"
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